Which of the following best describes the role of the U.S. census in government?

The U.S. census plays a fundamental role in shaping the makeup and distribution of representation at both state and federal levels. It provides essential demographic data that influence how congressional seats are allocated among the states, ensuring that representation in the House of Representatives reflects the population distribution. This process helps maintain the principle of equal representation, with areas experiencing population growth gaining additional representation, while those with declining populations may lose seats.

Additionally, census data are crucial for determining the allocation of federal funding to various programs, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development. Using accurate population counts, government agencies can assess and meet the needs of different regions effectively. Hence, the primary function of the U.S. census is vital in the functioning of government and the delivery of public services.