Which governmental body has the power to declare war?

The correct choice is that Congress has the power to declare war. This authority is rooted in the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article I, Section 8, which grants Congress the power to declare war, raise and support armies, and provide for the common defense. This constitutional provision delineates a critical balance of power between the legislative and executive branches of government. While the President, as Commander-in-Chief, can direct military operations and respond to immediate threats, the formal declaration of war requires congressional approval. This ensures that the decision to engage in war is a collective one, reflecting the will of the people through their elected representatives.

The other options refer to bodies or individuals who may play significant roles in military actions but do not hold the constitutional authority to declare war. The President can seek congressional authorization and may take military action in emergencies, but cannot unilaterally declare war. The Senate and the House of Representatives, while powerful legislative bodies, must operate in concert, as Congress as a whole is the entity that holds the power to declare war. This emphasizes the role of Congress in representing the citizenry in matters of such grave importance as warfare.