Which case held that reproductive rights were an element of the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment?

The case that established reproductive rights as part of the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment is Roe v. Wade, decided in 1973. In this landmark ruling, the Supreme Court recognized a woman's legal right to choose to have an abortion, asserting that this decision falls within the realm of personal privacy. The Court held that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment protects a woman’s right to privacy, which encompasses her decision to terminate a pregnancy.

This ruling was significant not only for its direct implications on reproductive rights but also for its broader affirmation of the right to privacy in various aspects of personal life. The Court's decision involved a balancing test, weighing the state's interests in regulating abortions against the woman's right to privacy. Ultimately, this case set a precedent for numerous subsequent legal discussions and decisions surrounding reproductive rights and continues to be a vital reference point in ongoing debates about individuals' rights to make personal medical decisions.

The other choices focus on different legal issues. District of Columbia v. Heller deals with the Second Amendment and the right to bear arms. Miranda v. Arizona pertains to the rights of individuals in custody and their right to counsel. Mapp v. Ohio involves the exclusionary rule concerning illegally obtained evidence