What is the process by which a constitutional amendment can be proposed?

The process for proposing a constitutional amendment is detailed in Article V of the U.S. Constitution, which outlines two primary methods. The correct answer describes the requirement of obtaining a two-thirds majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate to propose an amendment, or alternatively, by calling a convention when two-thirds of state legislatures request it.

This method ensures that a significant consensus is required among both federal and state representatives, reflecting a broad agreement before any changes can be made to the Constitution. The requirement of two-thirds serves as a safeguard against hasty amendments, ensuring that only those amendments with substantial support are advanced for ratification.

The other options provided do not align with the constitutional process. A majority vote in Congress is insufficient for proposing amendments, popular votes do not play a role in the proposal stage of constitutional amendments, and a presidential approval is not part of the amendment proposal process but rather comes into play during the ratification stage once an amendment has been proposed.