What is federalism?

Federalism is defined as a system that divides power between a central authority and regional units, such as states or provinces. This structure allows different levels of government to coexist and operate within their own realms of authority, with each having specific responsibilities and powers. The central government typically handles national issues such as defense, foreign policy, and economic regulation, while regional units manage local concerns like education, transportation, and law enforcement.

This division is beneficial because it allows for a balance of power, preventing any single entity from becoming too powerful. Each level of government can address the needs of its constituents more effectively, adapting policies to local conditions while still operating under a cohesive national strategy. Federalism also encourages participation and representation at multiple levels of government, fostering democratic engagement within both national and regional arenas.

The other options describe governance structures that do not align with the principles of federalism. Power being concentrated in a single national authority reflects a unitary system rather than federalism. Independent governance of all political units suggests a confederate system, which lacks a strong central authority and might struggle with unified action. Lastly, a system that eliminates divisions of power would imply an authoritarian regime where no separate levels of government exist, contradicting the essential features of federalism.