What is an example of judicial review?

Judicial review refers to the authority of the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, to evaluate and potentially invalidate laws and actions by other branches of government that are deemed to violate the Constitution. This power allows the courts to interpret the Constitution and ensure that legislative and executive actions conform to constitutional principles.

The Supreme Court's capability to declare laws unconstitutional is a fundamental check and balance within the U.S. government, protecting the rights of individuals and maintaining the rule of law. It allows the judiciary to act as a guardian of the Constitution, ensuring that no law can supersede its authority. This role was famously established in the case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which set the precedent for judicial review in the United States.

The other choices reflect different powers held by various branches of government but do not illustrate judicial review. For instance, nominating federal judges pertains to executive authority, while impeachment is a legislative function. The power to issue pardons also belongs to the executive branch and does not involve the judiciary's role in assessing the constitutionality of laws.