In which system do states share power with the national government?

The federal system is characterized by the division of powers between a central national government and various state governments. In this system, both levels of government have their own distinct powers and responsibilities, which allows them to operate independently within their areas of jurisdiction.

The concept of federalism is fundamental in many countries, like the United States, where the Constitution outlines specific powers for both the national government (such as regulating interstate commerce and conducting foreign affairs) and the states (such as managing education and local law enforcement). This division ensures that power is not concentrated in a single entity, promoting a balance of governance and allowing for local adaptation of laws and policies.

In contrast, a unitary system centralizes power in a single national government, where any subnational entities (like provinces or regions) derive their authority from the central government, which can alter or revoke that authority. A confederation is generally a union of sovereign states that delegate some powers to a central authority, but the states maintain higher individual power than the central government. A monarchy refers to a political system where a single individual (the monarch) holds significant power, often hereditary, and does not typically involve the same level of power-sharing or division found in a federal system. This is why the federal system